Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Mechanisms: Historical Development and Key Parameters of CO2-H2O Systems.

The recent failures in flexible pipes have motivated the exhaustive research of corrosion mechanisms on high-strength carbon steel armor wires that are the main structural compounds of those structures that mostly operate in seawater environments in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and confined spaces. Recently, the literature reported discoveries about electrolyte properties (as Fe⁺²_(aq)/HCO₃^-_(aq.) ratio) and supersaturation, near neutral pH inside the confined space, multiphase reactions of contaminants present in CO₂ gas, the formation and dissolution mechanism of FeCO₃ film, and interaction of CO₂ gas impurities with the corrosion scale. Therefore, this review is aimed at presenting an up-to-date narrative of the CO₂ corrosion phenomenon in carbon steel, connecting background fundamentals with current data studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]