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Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases.

Authors :
Xu, Xiaotong
Han, Yi
Zhang, Binlong
Ren, Quanzhong
Ma, Juan
Liu, Sijin
Source :
Cell Communication & Signaling; 2/17/2024, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p1-17, 17p
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregated factors and cells in inflamed CSF may represent candidate targets for therapy. The physiological barriers in the brain, such as the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), establish a stable environment for the distribution of resident immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which peripheral immune cells migrate into the brain and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis in CSF are still unclear. To advance our understanding of the causal link between brain diseases and immune cell status, we investigated the characteristics of immune cell changes in CSF and the molecular mechanisms involved in common brain diseases. Furthermore, we summarized the diagnostic and treatment methods for brain diseases in which immune cells and related cytokines in CSF are used as targets. Further investigations of the new immune cell subtypes and their contributions to the development of brain diseases are needed to improve diagnostic specificity and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1478811X
Volume :
22
Issue :
1
Database :
Complementary Index
Journal :
Cell Communication & Signaling
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
175528826
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-024-01509-w