Mechanistic and Compositional Aspects of Industrial Catalysts for Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation Processes.

The characteristics of industrial catalysts for conventional water-gas shifts, methanol syntheses, methanation, and Fischer-Tropsch syntheses starting from syngases are reviewed and discussed. The information about catalysts under industrial development for the hydrogenation of captured CO₂ is also reported and considered. In particular, the development of catalysts for reverse water-gas shifts, CO₂ to methanol, CO₂-methanation, and CO₂-Fischer-Tropsch is analyzed. The difference between conventional catalysts and those needed for pure CO₂ conversion is discussed. The surface chemistry of metals, oxides, and carbides involved in this field, in relation to the adsorption of hydrogen, CO, and CO₂, is also briefly reviewed and critically discussed. The mechanistic aspects of the involved reactions and details on catalysts' composition and structure are critically considered and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]