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It's a hard-knock life for us: a multilevel analysis on the association between grade retention and being bullied in 25 countries.
- Source :
- Research Papers in Education; Apr2024, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p181-205, 25p
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Across the world, numerous students are being bullied at school. Bullying is often caused by a power imbalance between students. Therefore, identifying potential sources of such a power imbalance can prevent school bullying from happening. Based on the labelling theory, we expect that grade retention can lead to such a power imbalance and, therefore, increase the likelihood of being bullied at school. Hence, this study examines the association between grade retention and self-reported victimisation. We also expect that retainees will be less likely to become a victim of school bullying in schools and countries with a high number of other retainees. If true, this would signal a moderating effect of both school- and country retention composition on the association between grade retention and victimisation. The contextualised impact of grade retention upon victimisation is assessed by cross-national multilevel analyses on PISA2018 data (25 countries; 8,039 schools; 159,412 students). Overall, our findings indicate that being retained in primary and/or secondary education is associated with higher levels of victimisation, while retainees suffer from more victimisation in countries with a low number of other retainees. In contrast to our expectations, however, we did not find such a moderation effect of school retention composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 02671522
- Volume :
- 39
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Research Papers in Education
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 175846235
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2022.2125050