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Nitro-fatty acids: mechanisms of action, roles in metabolic diseases, and therapeutics.
- Source :
- Current Medicine; 3/7/2024, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p1-23, 23p
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Nitro-fatty acids (NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs) are a class of bioactive lipids that mediate metabolic, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and other signaling actions. Endogenously, NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs are derived from the non-enzymatic reactions of unsaturated fatty acids with reactive nitrogen species. The electrophilic properties of the nitro group results in NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs being able to undergo rapid and reversible reactions with biological nucleophiles, such as cysteine and histidine, thus supporting post-translational modifications of proteins. The reactions of NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs with biological nucleophiles regulate a range of key signaling pathways involved in gene expression responses, enzyme activity, and cellular processes. In disease animal models, NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs are produced under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress and play a protective role in a variety of metabolic diseases, which have been associated with anti-atherosclerosis, blood-pressure lowering, and are involved in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Based on these, more clinical studies might find a correlation between NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs levels and pathophysiology in patients with metabolic diseases. Importantly, NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs therapeutics are effective in clinical trials. In addition, dietary supplementation with nitrates and unsaturated fatty acids can endogenously increase NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs levels in mice and humans. These findings support dietary approaches that increase the endogenous levels of NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs might potentially reduce the risk of metabolic diseases. To identify the specific mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs, we have summarized the main mechanisms of action of NO<subscript>2</subscript>-FAs in metabolic disease progression to provide insights for the development of new therapeutics for metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 27310868
- Volume :
- 3
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Current Medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 175896265
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s44194-024-00030-z