Current perspective of gut-lung axis (GLA) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

The potential organic cross-talk of gut-lung and complex pathways including their corresponding microbiota have emphasized the existent of a gut–lung axis (GLA). Evidences considered the indispensable role of inter-kingdom crosstalk in maintaining host homeostasis by shaping local cell function, immune responses, and intercede the course of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis infection (PTB). A significant decrease of gut microbiota species number and diversity in TB patients compared to healthy group has conveyed that the gut microbiota may impact on M. tuberculosis (MTB) infection. In this review, we will provide an overview of the possible functional part of the gut microbiota in TB immunity and its role as the host-microbiota directed therapy (HMDT) in TB management. The literature search of this review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with specific terms and no specification of article publication time. Microbial-host immune interaction in TB infection studies and potential use of microbial-based therapy in TB are listed and described. In sum, further researches are needed to identify strain-specific effect, gut microbiota anti-tubercular mechanism, and the role of other non-bacteria kingdom in immune function and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]