Genetic Composition of the High-Quality Winter Wheat Varieties 'Xinmai 26' and 'Xinmai 45'.

High quality is an important goal of wheat breeding. Several superstrong gluten wheat varieties, e.g. 'Xinmai 26' and 'Xinmai 45', have been bred to meet the needs of the consumer market. However, the genetic composition, transmission frequency, and genetic contribution of these varieties and their progeny are not clear. To analyse the genetic composition of the high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties 'Xinmai 26' and 'Xinmai 45', the genetic contribution rates of parents to the varieties were determined using 6056 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers detected by a widely used high-throughput wheat array (15 K chip). Additionally, the chromosome polymorphisms of five related wheat varieties were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using four oligonucleotide probe sets. The results showed that the genetic contribution rate of 'Jinan 17' to 'Xinmai 26' was 55.97%, much higher than that (15.81%) of 'Xinmai 18'. 'Jimai 20' showed a genetic contribution rate of 57.53% to 'Xinmai 45', slightly higher than that of 'Xinmai 26' (40.21%). The specific fragment differences between male and female parents were identified in both breeding varieties, and 'Xinmai 26' had more specific fragments that differed from those of the male and female parents than 'Xinmai 45'. The chromosomes of group A and group B of the five varieties were significantly polymorphic, but no chromosomal translocations or inversions were found. These promising results will allow exploration of the genetic pattern of high-quality varieties, promote breeding efficiency, and facilitate the utilisation of the superior traits of backbone parents for wheat quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]