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The role of CD4+ T cells in visceral leishmaniasis; new and emerging roles for NKG7 and TGFβ.
- Source :
- Frontiers in Cellular & Infection Microbiology; 2024, p1-12, 12p
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Visceral leishmaniasis is a potentially devastating neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum (chagasi). These parasites reside in tissue macrophages and survive by deploying a number of mechanisms aimed at subverting the host immune response. CD4<superscript>+</superscript> T cells play an important role in controlling Leishmania parasites by providing help in the form of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate microbiocidal pathways in infected macrophages. However, because these cytokines can also cause tissue damage if over-produced, regulatory immune responses develop, and the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory CD4<superscript>+</superscript> T cells responses determines the outcomes of infection. Past studies have identified important roles for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNg and TNF, as well as regulatory co-inhibitory receptors and the potent antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10. More recently, other immunoregulatory molecules have been identified that play important roles in CD4<superscript>+</superscript> T cell responses during VL. In this review, we will discuss recent findings about two of these molecules; the NK cell granule protein Nkg7 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFβ, and describe how they impact CD4<superscript>+</superscript> T cell functions and immune responses during visceral leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22352988
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Cellular & Infection Microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 177912184
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414493