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Mechanisms, combination therapy, and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy resistance.
- Source :
- Cell Communication & Signaling; 6/19/2024, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p1-20, 20p
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies exert significant antitumor effects by overcoming tumor cell immune evasion and reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the emergence of drug resistance causes most patients to respond poorly to these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies have shown that insufficient T-cell infiltration, lack of PD-1 expression, deficient interferon signaling, loss of tumor antigen presentation, and abnormal lipid metabolism are all considered to be closely associated with immunotherapy resistance. To address drug resistance in tumor immunotherapy, a lot of research has concentrated on developing combination therapy strategies. Currently, ICIs such as anti-PD-1 /PD-L1 antibody combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy have been approved for clinical treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in terms of the tumor microenvironment, gut microbiota, epigenetic regulation, and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. We also discuss various promising combination therapeutic strategies to address resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, including combining these therapies with traditional Chinese medicine, non-coding RNAs, targeted therapy, other ICIs, and personalized cancer vaccines. Moreover, we focus on biomarkers that predict resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy as well as combination therapy efficacy. Finally, we suggest ways to further expand the application of immunotherapy through personalized combination strategies using biomarker systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1478811X
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Cell Communication & Signaling
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 177993078
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-024-01711-w