Multiscale aggregation network via smooth inverse map for crowd counting.

Crowd counting is a practical yet essential research topic in computer vision, which has been beneficial to diverse applications in smart city environment safety. The commonly adopted paradigm in most existing methods is to regress a Gaussian density map that works as the learning objective during model training. However, given the unavoidable identity occlusion and scale variation in a crowd image, the corresponding Gaussian density map is degraded, failing to provide reliable supervision for optimization. To address this problem, we propose to replace the traditional Gaussian density map with a better alternation, namely the smooth inverse map (SIM). The proposed SIM can reflect the head location spatially and provide a smooth gradient to stabilize the model learning. Besides, we want the method to learn more discriminative features to cope with the challenge of large-scale variations. We deliver a multiscale aggregation (MA) to adaptively fuse features in different hierarchies to benefit semantic information under diverse receptive filed. The SIM and MA are meant to be complementary modules to guide the model in learning an accurate density map. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the state-of-the-art techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]