The Histogenetic Origin of Malignant Cells Predicts Their Susceptibility towards Synthetic Lethality Utilizing the TK.007 System.

Simple Summary: The efficacy of killing human cancer cells with a modified herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase TK.007/ganciclovir (GCV) system was investigated in malignant cells of different histogenetic origin. The aim was to determine whether different histogenetic origins of cancer cells in themselves influence their reaction towards an approach of synthetic lethality, which theoretically should be toxic in a similar range independently of the cell type. Fifteen malignant human cell lines were transduced with a lentiviral vector to stably express the TK.007 gene and cell proliferation assays under GCV. Among TK.007-expressing cell lines, lymphoma and leukemia cells were more susceptible to killing than solid cancer cells, while osteosarcoma and melanoma cells exhibited an intermediate susceptibility. This study highlights that the histogenetic origin of malignant cells strongly influences their susceptibility towards cytotoxic agents, with leukemias and lymphomas being more sensitive than solid cancer cells. Background: Remarkable differences exist in the outcome of systemic cancer therapies. Lymphomas and leukemias generally respond well to systemic chemotherapies, while solid cancers often fail. We engineered different human cancer cells lines to uniformly express a modified herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase TK.007 as a suicide gene when ganciclovir (GCV) is applied, thus in theory achieving a similar response in all cell lines. Methods: Fifteen different cell lines were engineered to express the TK.007 gene. XTT-cell proliferation assays were performed and the IC₅₀-values were calculated. Functional kinome profiling, mRNA sequencing, and bottom-up proteomics analysis with Ingenuity pathway analysis were performed. Results: GCV potency varied among cell lines, with lymphoma and leukemia cells showing higher susceptibility than solid cancer cells. Functional kinome profiling implies a contribution of the SRC family kinases and decreased overall kinase activity. mRNA sequencing highlighted alterations in the MAPK pathways and bottom-up proteomics showed differences in apoptotic and epithelial junction signaling proteins. Conclusions: The histogenetic origin of cells influenced the susceptibility of human malignant cells towards cytotoxic agents with leukemias and lymphomas being more sensitive than solid cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]