An Advantage for Survival Between Altruism and Envy with Strategic Interactions.

We examined the evolutionary stability of preferences (altruism and envy) in an evolutionary game that infinitely repeats a stage game. In the stage game, players who survived the previous game compete for survival in pairs. By solving the evolutionary game, we show that the survival advantage between altruism and envy depends on whether players' efforts in the stage game are strategic complements or substitutes. With strategic complements, altruistic players have an advantage in survival. With strategic substitutes, envious players have advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]