Adaptive gain control mechanisms in perceptual decision making on spatio-temporal statistics.

Recent research has revealed that the human visual system is capable of comprehending various pieces of information "at a glance." Simultaneously, humans continuously receive information from the natural and social environments, which undergo constant changes. Thus, humans can identify patterns and regularities not only in a single moment but also in long-term changes. How the visual system estimates the spatiotemporal ensemble, i.e., the summary statistics of information that varies over time and space? Here, we introduce a series of our research findings that demonstrate how the visual system estimate spatiotemporal-statistical properties of the information from the visual events which probabilistically changes in the spatiotemporal domain, focusing on orientation as a representative visual feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]