A Study of the Vortex Filament Pool Left by a Super Typhoon.

Enhancing typhoon forecasts hinges on a deeper understanding of the upper‐ocean's response and feedback mechanisms to typhoons. Presently, our knowledge of typhoon‐ocean interactions is largely derived from low‐resolution numerical simulations (often >10 km) and limited observations, which inadequately capture submesoscale processes (SPs) in the ocean. Connecting extreme typhoons to upper‐ocean SPs remains a challenge. This study reveals the formation of a distinctive vortex filament pool (VFP) in high‐resolution (∼1.2 km) numerical experiments. The experiments show that under specific conditions, typhoons can generate this visually striking phenomenon, displaying SP dynamics and kinematics typical of the upper ocean, with Rossby numbers and the nondimensional strain and divergence rates exceeding 2. The VFP formation is mainly driven by strain‐induced frontogenesis linked to the flow generated by Typhoon Nangka after a major turn. Initially, the pool consists of many near‐parallel filaments, but processes such as merging, stretching, and destabilization subsequently occur lead to numerous small vortices with a mean radius of ∼13 km. While the high‐resolution numerical experiments highlight phenomena requiring observational validation, they suggest the presence of natural processes previously undetectable with low‐resolution models and limited observations. This study underscores the need for enhanced observations and numerical models to better understand refined ocean dynamical processes. Plain Language Summary: Our understanding of the upper‐ocean's response and feedback to typhoons is limited by sparse observations and low‐resolution numerical models. High‐resolution numerical simulations have uncovered new features, revealing that under specific conditions, a vortex filament pool can form in the upper ocean following a super typhoon. Analysis shows that these filaments exhibit characteristics typical of upper ocean submesoscale processes. The pool then undergoes interesting processes like merging, stretching, and destabilization, resulting in numerous small vortices. Although these findings need further observational evidence, they highlight possible complex interactions among submesoscale processes. This emphasizes the critical need for better observational tools and enhanced numerical models to identify unfamiliar oceanic phenomena. Key Points: High resolution model results reveal a vortex filament pool left by a super typhoonThe filaments undergo merging, stretching, and eventually breaking into multiple smaller vorticesThe filament pool is produced by the strain‐induced frontogenesis associated with the flow induced by Typhoon Nangka after a major turn [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]