KULAWIZNY U BYDŁA: I PROSTE WSKAŹNIKI ICH OCENY.

Lameness is one of the most common health issues in cattle, which is a significant cause of health disorders and economic losses in livestock. Due to the numerous and varied causes, its treatment and prevention are complex and challenging. Lameness is associated with intense pain, leading to discomfort, reduced milk yield, weight loss, and reproductive issues, which can ultimately result in chronic lameness and substantial financial losses. A number of simple, visual scoring scales have been developed for their detection and evaluation, which enable them to be detected quickly on the one hand, and appropriate interventions to be taken and their effectiveness evaluated on the other. The consistent application of these scoring systems is becoming a critical component of herd management strategies, aimed not only at reducing the prevalence of lameness but also at minimizing the associated economic impacts. This dual focus-improving animal welfare and reducing financial losses-highlights their importance in maintaining both herd health and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]