Early diagnostics and interventional glaucoma.

The glaucoma treatment paradigm is starting to change from a more reactive approach that relies on topical medications to a more proactive approach that leverages procedural interventions. This evolution toward interventional glaucoma has been enabled by a growing array of lower-risk minimally invasive procedures such as laser trabeculoplasty, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, and procedural pharmaceuticals. A common feature of these glaucoma interventions—as with all glaucoma interventions—is the need for early, prompt, and accurate diagnosis. The present review summarizes new and upcoming developments in glaucoma diagnostics. These include technologies and techniques for home-based intraocular pressure measurement, novel visual field platforms, photography- and optical coherence tomography-based visualization, and artificial intelligence applications. They also include emerging technologies such as mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging, detection of apoptosing retinal cells, collector channel visualization, and genetic testing. These diagnostic modalities have the potential to circumvent the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. By increasing the frequency and feasibility of obtaining valuable glaucoma data with more rapid detection of disease and progression, these diagnostics may enable an interventional approach to glaucoma treatment for the betterment of patient care. Plain language summary: Diagnostics in glaucoma The treatment of glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, relies on timely and accurate diagnosis and monitoring. Diagnosis may involve pressure-based, visual, molecular, genetic, and artificial intelligence modalities. This article reviews the new and upcoming diagnostic technologies in these areas. These technologies have the potential to overcome some of the challenges of traditional diagnostics, thereby enabling more rapid and accurate detection of disease and progression and a more effective interventional approach to glaucoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]