Households' level considerations in the vulnerability to potential learning loss among school children in Ghana.

Generally, most children became vulnerable to potential learning loss during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, empirical evidence on households as vulnerability factor to children's potential learning loss in Ghana does not exist to guide policy decisions and scholarly discourse. Through a national household survey underpinned by a disaster risk reduction framework, this paper examines the vulnerability of Ghanaian school children to perceived learning loss during the COVID-9 pandemic school closures. The findings of this study indicate that household efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the risk of potential learning loss among school children varied disproportionately across wealth quintiles and geographic locations. It is, however, revealing that about 29% of households in the richest wealth quintiles did not take deliberate actions to mitigate the risk of potential learning loss among their children. Against these revealing findings, we conclude that households' decisions to support their children's learning during the pandemic-induced school closures may not be based on economic reasons alone. Consistent with this finding, we recommend the exploration of additional factors and dynamics of understanding potential and perceived learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]