Hypertension: Genetic Factors, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Nursing Management Strategies.

Background: Hypertension, a principal modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, continues to pose a substantial worldwide health concern. The etiology of hypertension is complicated, encompassing a complex interaction of genetic predisposition, endothelial dysfunction, and environmental influences. Genetic variables, including polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and other regulatory pathways, have been demonstrated to affect blood pressure regulation and predisposition to hypertension. Simultaneously, endothelial dysfunction, marked by diminished nitric oxide availability, heightened oxidative stress, and vascular inflammation, facilitates vascular remodeling and persistent hypertension. Despite progress in pharmacological treatments, insufficient comprehension of the underlying mechanisms has hindered the optimization of hypertension therapy. Nurses are crucial in the management of hypertension patients, especially in patient education, monitoring, and encouraging compliance with lifestyle modifications and medical treatments. Aim: This study aims to examine the genetic determinants and endothelium dysfunction associated with hypertension, highlighting their significance for disease advancement and patient care. Additionally, it aims to emphasize evidence-based nursing management practices that address both clinical and preventive dimensions of hypertension care. Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature was performed to assess genetic and endothelium variables in hypertension and their interaction with modifiable risk factors. Evidence-based nursing strategies for the effective management of hypertension were derived from clinical guidelines, randomized controlled trials, and observational research. The review amalgamates molecular knowledge with practical nursing applications to address deficiencies in care. Results: Genetic predisposition, especially concerning RAAS polymorphisms and sodium transport gene variations, is a significant factor in hypertension risk. Endothelial dysfunction accelerates disease progression by disrupting vascular homeostasis, augmenting vascular stiffness, and fostering systemic inflammation. These processes jointly elevate cardiovascular risk. Nursing interventions, including as patient-centered education, precise blood pressure monitoring, lifestyle counseling, and assistance with medication adherence, have demonstrated a substantial reduction in the burden of hypertension and its related problems. Integrating genetic counseling and endothelial biomarkers into standard nursing care presents intriguing possibilities for customized hypertension control. Conclusion: Hypertension is a multifaceted illness affected by hereditary and endothelium factors, requiring a multidisciplinary strategy for its care. Nurses are pivotal in providing comprehensive care, emphasizing prevention, early identification, and ongoing management. By incorporating findings from genetic and endothelial studies into clinical practice, nurses can augment the efficacy of hypertension therapies and boost patient outcomes. Future research must focus on creating customized nursing techniques that utilize emerging molecular and genetic data to meet the varied needs of hypertension patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]