Evaluating the impact of calcination temperature on the production of hydroxyapatite from fish bones: Literature review.

Biomaterials are needed for human survival. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial that has biocompatibility properties suitable for use in the human body. HA can be found in natural materials such as fish bones, cow bones, pig bones, clam shells, eggshells and others. There are various methods to synthesize HA. The calcination method is used because it is simpler and low-cost. Calcination temperature can affect the Ca/P ratio of the natural sources used. This paper reviews several journals related to HA sources using different fish bones. Differences in calcination temperature and trace elements can affect the Ca and P ratio in fish bone powder. Choosing the right temperature and fish source will produce Ca and P that are in compliance with the HA standard of 1.67. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]