The development of subsistence and peasant economies in Africa.

To understand the social implications of rural African development one must first understand the relation between traditional social organization and economic structure in primitive and peasant communities. Case studies show that unsuccessful development occurs where an increase in production for sale is unaccompanied by technological and cultural innovations: traditional economy and society are forced to change without new modes of integration being formed, and without sustained growth in income forthcoming. Successful development requires mutually reinforcing innovations in economy, technology, and culture which induce sustained growth in income over successive generations, and integrate the local community with the region, the nation and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]