The Politics of Constitutional Change in a Federal System: Negotiating Section 92A of the Canadian Constitution Act (1982).

This article examines the process of constitutional change surrounding the enactment of the natural-resource amendment (Section 92A) to the Canadian Constitution Act (1982). It traces the motivations behind the adoption of the clause to a combination of long-term exogenous factors originating in the OPEC-inspired price rises of the 1970s, and short-term endogenous factors particular to Canada's political and institutional arrangements, including unpredictable patterns of judicial arbitration of constitutional issues. The presence of endogenous and exogenous "shocks" to long-established constitutional modus vivendi allows some predictions to be made about the general nature and direction of future constitutional change. However, the workings of short-term political and institutional variables make it impossible to predict the exact content of the constitutional response to such influences. This finding supports Ban- ting and Simeon's hypothesis that constitutional change is political process subject to political forces in society and that constitutional change, like constitution-making, remains an art and not a science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]