CONCEPTS AND CRITERIA FOR THE RECOGNITION OF COMMUNITIES.

The article talks about the concepts and criteria used for the recognition of biotic communities. These concepts describe the fundamental use of the ecological units established by Clements and Shelford, which are used by many American and British authors. The definitions of the concepts, including association abstract, abstract communities and associes abstract, are offered. The subdivisions of the biotic formation (biome), which includes the perennial nucleus, seasonal societies of communities, and intradiel communities, are discussed.