Unsupervised Learning and Clustering.

Unsupervised learning is very important in the processing of multimedia content as clustering or partitioning of data in the absence of class labels is often a requirement. This chapter begins with a review of the classic clustering techniques of k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. Modern advances in clustering are covered with an analysis of kernel-based clustering and spectral clustering. One of the most popular unsupervised learning techniques for processing multimedia content is the self-organizing map, so a review of self-organizing maps and variants is presented in this chapter. The absence of class labels in unsupervised learning makes the question of evaluation and cluster quality assessment more complicated than in supervised learning. So this chapter also includes a comprehensive analysis of cluster validity assessment techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]