Multi-layered TiO2 nanostructured films for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Multi-layered TiO₂ nanostructured films were fabricated to improve the light harvest efficiency of the dye-adsorbed TiO₂ electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by light scattering. Three different structures of TiO₂ electrodes, with layers consisting of TiO₂ pastes with average diameters of 9, 20, and 300 nm, respectively, were fabricated and their photovoltaic effects on the DSSC devices were investigated. By utilizing the multi-layered TiO₂ electrode constructed using the three different TiO₂ pastes, the overall power conversion efficiency of the DSSC devices in the PEG-based electrolyte was increased to 5.24% under irradiation of 100 mW/cm² at AM 1.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]