Efficacy and Release Rate of Reservoir Pheromone Dispensers for Simultaneous Mating Disruption of Codling Moth and Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

ABSTRACT Five formulations of controlled release, polyethylene tube dispensers of pheromone were evaluated during three field seasons for disruption of codling moth, Cydia poinonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Evaluations were conducted in replicated 4-ha plots of commercial apple in Michigan. Disruption of both C. pomonella and C. nwlesta male orientation to pheromone traps in plots treated with a dual-species formulation (Isomate CM/OFM TT), simultaneously releasing the pheromone components of both C. pomonella and G. inolesta, was equivalent to that obtained by treating plots with separate formulations for each species (Isomate C Plus or Isomate C TI' for C. pomonella and Isomate M Rosso for C. molesta) through mid-season. However, disruption efficacy of the dual-species formulation was significantly lower near the end of the season for G. molesta compared with the Isomate M Rosso formulation because of depletion of active ingredients and coincided with a slight increase in fruit injury. Effective disruption of C. ponionella and C. molesta also was obtained with a multispecies formulation (Isomate CM/OFM/LR) that releases the main pheromone components of C. pomonella, C. molesta, and several leafroller species. Each formulation type releasing (E,E) -8,10dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) also was found to release the E,Zand Z,E-isomers of codlemone. Our data provide further evidence that simultaneous disruption of C. pomonella and G. molesta with dispensers releasing both species' pheromone components is possible; however, the controlled release formulations tested here require modification or postponed deployment coupled with early season control by other means to achieve season-long efficacy. Simultaneous disruption of several species with a single formulation will be edonomically advantageous in regions where control of multiple pests is needed given the need for hand application of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]