PLAYING WHITE MEN: AMERICAN FOOTBALL AND MANHOOD AT THE CARLISLE INDIAN SCHOOL, 1893-1904.

The article discusses the football program at the Carlisle Industrial Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania from 1893 to 1904 and the instruction of white standards and concepts of manhood to the male students. The article details the origins of the school and how the white founders intended to systematically deconstruct students' Native American culture and replace it with white standards and beliefs. The connection between manhood and sports is analyzed. The author examines the education students received in the context of the school's assimilation policy and how this is connected to the football team's models of manhood.