Stability and Stabilization of Systems with Time Delay.

Control systems often operate in the presence of delays, primarily due to the time it takes to acquire the information needed for decision-making, to create control decisions, and to execute these decisions, as shown in Figure 1. Systems with delays arise in engineering, biology, physics, operations research, and economics. In traffic-flow models, the drivers' delayed reactions, which combine sensing, perception, response, selection, and programming delays, must be considered [1]–[3]. These delays are critical in accounting for human behavior, analyzing traffic-flow stability, and designing collision-free traffic flow using adaptive cruise controllers [4]. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]