Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus interact with age and dietary intake of fat to determine serum adiponectin in subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome.

Background: Adiponectin gene expression is modulated by perox- isome proliferator-activated receptor y, which is a transcription factor activated by unsaturated fatty acids. Objective: We investigated the effect of the interaction between var- iants at the ADJPOQ gene locus, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and the replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or carbohydrates on serum adiponectin concentrations. Design; The RISCK (Reading, Imperial, Suney, Cambridge, and Kings) study is a parallel-design, randomized controlled trial. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured after a 4-wk high-SFA (HS) diet and a 24-wk intervention with reference (HS), high-MUFA (HM), and low-fat (LF) diets. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ locus -11391 G/A (rs17300539), -10066 G/A (rs182052), -7734 A/C (rs1686l209), and +276 G/T (rs1501299) were genotyped in 448 participants. Results: In white Europeans, +276 T was associated with higher serum adiponectin concentrations (n = 340; P = 0.006) and 10066 A was associated with lower serum adiponectin concentrations [n= 360; P = 0.03), after adjustment for age, BMI, and sex. After the HM diet, 10066 G/G subjects showed a 3.8% increase (95% CI: -0.1%, 7.7%) and GIA+AIA subjects a 2.6% decrease (95% CI: -5.6%, 0.4%) in serum adiponectin (P = 0.006 for difference after adjustment for the change in BMI, age, and sex). In -10066 GIG homozygotes, serum adiponectin increased with age after the HM diet and decreased after the LF diet. Conclusion: In white -10066 GIG homozygotes, an HM diet may help to increase adiponectin concentrations with advancing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]