How to Perform Cranio-Orbital Zygomatic Approaches.

The cranio-orbital zygomatic approach has been in evolution since the frontal approach was first introduced. The addition of both the orbital and zygomatic osteotomies has expanded the limits of neurosurgery to include orbital, craniofacial, and infratemporal pathology. The goal of any skull base approach is to shorten the operative working distance and reduce retraction of the brain while improving exposure. Utilizing the benefits afforded by the cranio-orbital zygomatic approach requires a thorough understanding of the extradural anatomy of the anterior and middle fossae, including the temporal bone, the craniofacial skeleton, and the cavernous sinus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]