Epidemiology of sleep-related complaints associated with obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia and non-restorative sleep in an at-risk population in Granada, Spain.

Our aim was to estimate the frequency of sleep apnea, non-restorative sleep, and insomnia and their association with demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors and co-morbid conditions in an at-risk population in Spain. A total of 1009 individuals with suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) completed a questionnaire and personal interview including demographic data, lifestyle behaviors, sleep-wake schedule, diurnal and nocturnal symptoms and also co-morbid conditions. Laboratory tests included lung function test, echocardiography, arterial blood analysis, total blood counts, and standard polysomnography for diagnosing sleep apnea. The frequency of OSAS, insomnia and non-restorative sleep was 88.5%, 16.76%, 59.72%, respectively. The frequency of OSAS was lower in females than in males (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.56) whereas the frequency of insomnia was higher (1.95, 1.29-2.95). People in the 61-70 year group exhibited higher frequency of OSAS (3.81, 1.51-9.58) and also insomnia (1.85, 1.08-4.32), whereas the obese exhibited higher probability of OSAS (1.80, 1.15-2.81). OSAS was associated with snoring (7.95, 1.57-24.58), nocturia (1.80, 1.12-2.89), daily fatigue (1.89, 1.12-3.17), apathy (0.53, 0.30-0.89), memory loss (0.44, 0.26-0.73), and hypertension (2.60, 1.41-4.78). Insomnia was associated with esophageal reflux (1.78, 1.21-2.61), awakening (3.39, 2.19-5.22), apathy (1.68, 1.11-2.55), and memory loss (1.58, 1.06-2.35). Non-restorative sleep was associated with nocturia (1.43, 1.01-2.05), gastro-esophageal reflux (2.08, 1.31-3.31), diaphoresis (3.31, 1.88-5.83), awakening (1.41, 1.01-2.02), daily fatigue (2.09, 1.47-2.97), memory loss (2.23, 1.40-3.54), irritability (2.26, 1.59-4.03) and headache (2.57, 1.65-4.00). The frequency of sleep-related breathing disorders was high in our sample. Different factors seem to be associated with OSAS, insomnia or non-restorative sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]