Conceptualizing Integrity Systems in Governments and Banking.

Integrity systems have been developed to safeguard the ethical performance of public officials. Protecting the ethical performance of bank professionals is also in the public interest. In order to avoid integrity risks of the kind that directly contributed to the 2008 global credit and economic crisis, three risks that occur in retail banking are studied in Dutch banks. Results show that bank integrity systems are conceptually similar to government systems and that the effectiveness of systems varies by risk. This study strengthens the overall conceptualization of integrity systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]