Simulation of nonequilibrium turbulent flows on the basis of the Boltzmann equation.

The present paper is devoted to simulating the compressible turbulent flows at the new level. The principal importance of the kinetic approach for description of turbulence is discussed. An explicit-implicit numerical scheme in the framework of the direct approach for the Boltzmann kinetic equation is examined. Numerical investigation of supersonic jets and the supersonic turbulent separated flow in the vicinity of backward/forward-facing step with leeward-face angle equals to 8°, 25°, 45° and 90° and Ma ≈ 3 for a model 2D case is made. At lower Knudsen number values (starting from 0.001) instabilities in the jet flow is observed. The comparison with available experimental and numerical results is performed in terms of the pressure and skin friction distributions over the body surface and the distribution of heat-transfer coefficient. A good agreement with the experimental heat-transfer coefficient is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]