Binding sensitivity of adefovir to the polymerase from different genotypes of HBV: molecular modeling, docking and dynamics simulation studies.

Aim:To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of DNA polymerase from different genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the binding affinity of adefovir (ADV).Methods:Computational approaches, including homology modeling, docking, MD simulation and MM/PBSA free energy analyses were used.Results:Sequence analyses revealed that residue 238 near the binding pocket was not only a polymorphic site but also a genotype-specific site (His238 in genotype B; Asn238 in genotype C). The calculated binding free-energy supported the hypothesis that the polymerase from HBV genotype C was more sensitive to ADV than that from genotype B. By using MD simulation trajectory analysis, binding free energy decomposition and alanine scanning, some energy variation in the residues around the binding pocket was observed. Both the alanine mutations at residues 236 and 238 led to an increase of the energy difference between genotypes C and B (ΔΔG_C-B), suggesting that these residues contributed to the genotype-associated antiviral variability with regard to the interaction with ADV.Conclusion:The results support the hypothesis that the HBV genotype C polymerase is more sensitive to ADV than that from genotype B. Moreover, residue N236 and the polymorphic site 238 play important roles in contributing to the higher sensitivity of genotype C over B in the interaction with ADV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]