Beyond the Norm-Maker/Norm-Taker Dyad: Political Roles & State Engagement with Global Governance.

This paper reviews the literature assessing state influence over, or acceptance of, the structure and conduct of global governance. It argues that existing approaches largely adopt a simple, dyadic analysis of states as either norm-makers or norm-takers. While there are benefits to this parsimonious approach, the dyadic norm-maker/taker analytical framework almost entirely focuses on outcomes - whether or not states have the material or ideational power to reshape global governance -and downplays the importance of motive. This limits the depth of knowledge gained from such analyses and reduces their usefulness in predicting states' likely future norm-maker/taker status. The paper argues that the norm-maker/taker framework can be improved by supplementing it with a preliminary analytical step: determining the political roles states adopt towards global governance arrangements over time and across specific governance issues. This enables the identification of satisfied and unsatisfied norm-makers/takers, as well as the degree of any such satisfaction; allowing greater depth in understanding of states' ultimately structurally constrained norm-maker/taker status and increasing the certainty with which this status can be predicted to change as structural circumstances vary. The paper develops these arguments by examining the existing norm-maker/taker framework - identifying limitations with it and previous efforts to redress them - before outlining the proposed addition of a preliminary analytical step focused on states' political roles. It then provides a brief case study to illustrate how the improved framework can be employed, along with a brief discussion summarizing the benefits of this modified approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]