The restoration of fens in the Netherlands.

Reviews the major environmental problems in Dutch aquatic and semi-terrestrial fens including desiccation, eutrophication, acidification, habitat fragmentation and intoxication. Positive and the negative consequences of the restoration measures taken in Dutch fens; Factors responsible for the deterioration of plant and animal communities in fens; View that the knowledge of these key processes and factors make optimal restoration and management measures possible; Call for new research.