Failed Regional Hegemons: the Case of the Middle East's Regional Powers.

The article discusses the attempts of nations in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to become middle powers in international relations. Topics include geopolitical aspects of regional powers, Pan-Arab and Islamic political ideologies, and the impact of Western powers on the region. The histories of Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey are discussed in relation to politics and international relations since the middle of the 20th century.