Locating human faces within images.

This paper presents an intelligent system to locate human faces within images. The proposed system can handle facial pattern variations due to certain changes in pose, illumination, and expression, as well as existence of spectacles, facial-hair, and occlusion. The system consists of three modules: preprocessing, face-components extraction, and final decision-making. In the first module, image processing algorithms are performed on images captured by cameras. Face components are extracted in the second module. A fuzzy neural network-based algorithm is designed for this purpose. In the last module, a commonsense-knowledge base is used for final evaluation of the identified features and determination of the face locations. The performance of the system is evaluated by conducting experiments on seven large test sets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]