A Review on the Management of Municipal Solid Waste Fly Ash in American.

With the accelerating process of urbanization, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation increases continuously. Landfill occupies a lot of land resources, leading several cities run into a condition being surrounded by MSW. In recent years, MSW incineration rises gradually. Incineration can reduce the MSW volume by 85%∼90% and the mass by about 80%, and incineration with energy recovery is one of the several waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies [1–3] . However, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, byproducts of MSW incineration, contains large amounts of heavy metals and dioxins, improper disposal will cause serious environmental and human health hazards. This review summarizes the MSW incineration fly ash management system and related policies and regulations in United States, as well as the main disposal methods and utilization technology, in order to provide reference for the management of MSW incineration fly ash in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]