Acute exposure to gold induces fast changes in social behavior and oxidative stress of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Highlights • This experiment evaluated the toxic effects of gold on zebrafish. • Higher gold concentrations in environment produced antisocial behavior for a longer time. • Gold was absorbed in the zebrafish body from aquatic medium. • Gold was involved in the oxidative stress. Abstract Gold is a noble metal having a long history of human usage and a variety of applications. The present paper was designed in order to see the changes on social and swimming behavior of zebrafish caused by acute gold exposure to high concentrations dissolved in aquatic medium from a standard solution with the highest purity. Some main oxidative stress markers were determined such as: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We also focused our attention on the bioaccumulation capacity of gold in exposed zebrafish and its competition with essential elements for the body: sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). They were studied the effects of the follow gold concentrations dissolved in experimental aquariums: 1 mg L⁻¹ (Au 1 mg/L), 2 mg L⁻¹ (Au 2 mg/L), 4 mg L⁻¹ (Au 4 mg/L) and 8 mg L⁻¹ (Au 8 mg/L). Our data showed that each group treated with gold had a higher concentration compared with the others suggesting that it can be absorbed into the zebrafish body from environment and may be accumulated. The results obtained in the oxidative stress parameters demonstrated that it can produce changes as a response to its toxicological effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]