Operative treatment for intussusception: Should an incidental appendectomy be performed?

Abstract Background/objectives An incidental appendectomy is performed by some surgeons during operative treatment for intussusception to eliminate future appendicitis as a diagnostic consideration. However, an appendectomy can increase the risk of infection and other noninfectious complications making an incidental appendectomy controversial. We examined outcomes for surgical intervention for intussusception with appendectomy (SWA) compared to surgical reduction alone (SRA). Methods The Pediatric Health Information System database, 8/2008–9/2015, was retrospectively analyzed for patients under the age of five who required an operative intervention for intussusception without bowel resection. Demographic data and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Available data included need for postoperative enema, subsequent small bowel obstruction, recurrent intussusception, length of stay (LOS), and adjusted total cost (ATC). Results Fifty-seven percent (748/1312) of patients had appendectomy performed during surgical reduction, 564 (43%) did not. ATC ($10,594 vs. $8939, p < 0.001) and LOS (3.0 vs. 2.48, p < 0.001) are higher in the SWA group. Rates of readmission are similar, but post-operative small bowel obstruction may be higher in the SWA group (1.3% vs. 0.35%, p = 0.06). Conclusion There is a higher mean LOS and ATC in the SWA group. This study suggests that appendectomy during surgery for uncomplicated intussusception should be reconsidered and requires further investigation. Type of Study retrospective comparative study. Level of Evidence III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]