БОТАНІЧНІ САДИ РИМО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОГО ОРДЕНУ...

The purpose of the study is to clarify the circumstances of the existence of school botanical gardens of the Roman Catholic Order of Piarists, which functioned in Volyn during the XVIII -- first third of the XIX century, and to analyze their significance in the context of the establishment and development of park and garden art of the region. The methodology of the research is based on systematic analysis, general scientific methods of systematization and generalization, the method of comparative analysis. The scientific novelty consists of systematization of all empirical material available at present in the national art criticism about the functioning of botanical gardens at the Volyn Piarists monasteries, as well as of the attempt to carry out analytical generalizations regarding their phenomenon. It was concluded that Piarists botanical gardens were a unique component of the cultural and artistic space of Volyn because they laid the foundations for the formation of landscape art in its territory. It is justified, that their activity was related to the needs of educational, scientific and experimental, artistic and economic work of Piarists monks and their pupils. At the same time, a significant direction of the activity of botanical gardens of the Order of Piarists in Volyn was that they became the centers of training botanists, landscape designers, and gardeners, and some of them became outstanding figures in these industries. It is outlined that the school botanical gardens of the order of Piarists in Volyn were one of the manifestations of the European culture of parks in those days, strongly connected with the arrangement of greenhouses in the palace and park ensembles of szlachta in Right-Bank Ukraine. The closure of the public educational establishments as one of the manifestations of the reaction of Russian autocracy to the Polish rebellion of 1830-1831 led to a gradual decline and, ultimately, to the destruction of their school botanical gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]