Psychosocial stress, self-esteem, and social adjustment: A moderated mediation analysis in Taiwanese adolescents with Tourette syndrome.

Recent studies have shown that tics and related comorbidities can cause poorer social adjustment, lower self-esteem, and higher psychosocial stress among adolescents with Tourette syndrome. This study explored the role of self-esteem in mediating the relationship between psychosocial stress and social adjustment among adolescents with Tourette syndrome, and the role of comorbidities in moderating the relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 118 Taiwanese adolescents with Tourette syndrome aged between 12 and 20 years old were recruited via convenience sampling. Their demographic information, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, stress index for children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome, social adjustment scale for adolescents with Tourette syndrome, and Self-Esteem Scale results were collected. Moderated mediation analysis of the study data was performed with the Hayes's PROCESS macro. Our results revealed that the self-esteem of adolescents with Tourette syndrome fully mediates the relationship between their psychosocial stress and social adjustment (B = −0.0703, 95% CI, [−0.0176, −0.001]), while comorbidities moderates the relationship between their self-esteem and social adjustment (B = −0.8416, 95% CI, [−1.4529, −0.2302]). The relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment was more pronounced in adolescents without comorbidities than those with comorbidities. Psychosocial stress correlates negatively with social adjustment and self-esteem, and indirectly influences social adjustment through self-esteem, while comorbidities (particularly their absence) moderates the relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment. Different self-esteem strengthening programs to enhance social adjustment for adolescents with Tourette syndrome may be developed in future studies. • Psychosocial stress is negatively related to social adjustment of adolescents with TS. • Self-esteem fully mediates psychosocial stress and social adjustment. • Comorbidities play a moderating role between self-esteem and social adjustment. • Different self-esteem strengthening plans for TS adolescents with/without comorbidities need to be designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]