The role of hyperinsulinaemia in screening for prediabetes in the adolescent population: A systematic literature review.

Present screening methods for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) fall short of detecting prediabetes. This paper summarises the literature on the utility of insulin measurements (hyperinsulinemia) in detecting prediabetes in adolescents. A systematic literature review was conducted using EMBASE and Medline. Relevant data on hyperinsulinemia in the adolescent population is narrated. The database search identified 174 potential articles; 106 underwent a full-paper review, and 36 were included. Elevated fasting insulin is a marker of impaired insulin resistance and pending beta-cell dysfunction in at-risk adolescents and can be an early indicator of prediabetes. • Prediabetes in adolescence involves insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, beta-cell dysfunction and dysglycaemia. • Elevated fasting insulin is both reflective of insulin resistance and predictive of beta-cell dysfunction. • Further research should evaluate combining fasting insulin with glucose to screen for prediabetes in at-risk adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]