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Chronic exposure to microcystin-leucine-arginine induces epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation in the mouse bladder.
- Source :
- Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety; Oct2022, Vol. 244, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 1p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide compound produced by cyanobacteria with strong cytotoxicity. Previous studies have confirmed that MC-LR could exert toxic effects on the genitourinary system, but there are few reports about its toxicity to the bladder. In this study, we investigated the effects of MC-LR on mouse bladder and human bladder epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1 cells). We observed that the bladder weight and the number of bladder epithelial cells were markedly increased in mice following chronic low-dose exposure to MC-LR. Further investigation showed that MC-LR activates AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in bladder tissue was increased and the relative migration and invasion capacities of SV-HUC-1 cells were enhanced upon exposure to MC-LR. In conclusion, these results suggest that chronic exposure to MC-LR induced epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation, upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and promoted the migration and invasion of bladder epithelial cells, which provides a basis for further exploring the potential mechanism by which environmental factors increasing the risk of bladder cancer. • Chronic exposure to MC-LR can lead to hyperplasia of bladder epithelial in mice. • MC-LR induces bladder inflammation by activating AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway. • MC-LR upregulates the expression of MMP-9/MMP-2 in the mouse bladder. • MC-LR promotes the migration and invasion of bladder epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 01476513
- Volume :
- 244
- Database :
- Supplemental Index
- Journal :
- Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 159216454
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114033