The critical role of intrinsic physicochemical properties of catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: A state of the art review.

[Display omitted] Catalytic hydrogenation is one of the most innovative techniques for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) by converting it into beneficial products such as methanol (CH 3 OH). CH 3 OH is an alternative fuel that offers a practical, effective, and efficient solution to the energy storage problem. Despite the significant advances in the CO 2 hydrogenation process, developing an appropriate and efficient catalytic system remains a significant obstacle and challenge. Many review papers on catalyst development for CO 2 hydrogenation have been published, focusing on the influence of transition, noble metal-based catalysts, and process parameter. However, present knowledge of the mutually reinforcing correlations between catalytic properties and CO 2 hydrogenation activity has to be enhanced. It is very important to have a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between catalytic performance and physicochemical properties in order to create a catalytic system that is both highly efficient and economically viable for commercialization. Therefore, the focus of this review is on the synergistic interactions between catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation activity and catalytic properties such as porosity, surface area, metal-support interaction, metal dispersion, oxygen vacancies, metal particle size, reducibility, and chemical composition acidity/basicity. Furthermore, this review examined and compared the most up-to-date findings on the hydrogenation of CO 2 to CH 3 OH using various heterogeneous catalysts. It also discussed the challenges and prospects for improving CH 3 OH production by CO 2 hydrogenation. Researchers and environmentalists in academia and industry who are interested in finding ways to reduce CO 2 emissions will find this overview to be a valuable resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]