Outside good utility and substitution patterns in direct utility models.

This paper investigates the role of the outside good utility function on admissible substitution patterns in multiple discrete/continuous demand models. We first present a set of novel results that characterize the functional form of quantity price effects within this class of models. The results highlight the relative inflexibility of many standard outside good utility functions. We then propose a new outside good utility function that admits more flexible marginal utility curves. Our empirical analysis uses household scanner panel data from the potato chip category, where we find empirical support for non-standard rates of satiation for the outside good. We then show how the restrictive substitution patterns induced by standard utility specifications may distort price elasticities and the evaluation of loyalty coupon targeting programs. • Analytical derivation of elasticities as a function of outside good is offered. • New outside good utility specification is introduced via hyperbolic function. • Hyperbolic utility for outside good allows for more flexible substitution pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]