Soil and water conservation measures and rainfed agriculture in Telangana, India: Role of community and neighborhood conservation measures.

Soil erosion is a significant problem in rain-fed areas in India. This study attempts to evaluate the causal effects of on-farm soil and water conservation (SWC) measures on farm profit and yield. The study uses the inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) method to assess the causal impact of SWC measures on agriculture output while controlling socioeconomic, institutional, and village-level characteristics. The results suggest a significant difference in overall agricultural profit, crop-wise profit, and crop-wise yields among the adopters and non-adopters of the SWC measures. The study highlights that there is a complementarity between the causal impact of community-level SWC measures and individual SWC measures on agricultural outcomes. Further, the neighbor's adoption of SWC measures plays a pivotal role on farmer's agricultural profits. The study highlights that farmer's profit for rainfed crops such as maize further increases if their adjacent neighbors also undertake SWC measures. Such complementary effects, however, are not observed in case of irrigated crops such as paddy. • This study measures the impact of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures on agricultural outcomes. • SWC measures undertaken by the neighbors have significant positive spill over effects. • Community level conservation measures complement farmer's own SWC measures. • The SWC practices are more suitable and have significant impact on rainfed crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]