Fetal endothelial colony-forming cells: Possible targets for prevention of the fetal origins of adult diseases.

Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a subset of circulating and resident endothelial progenitor cells, are capable of self-renewal and de novo vessel formation, and are known key regulators of vascular integrity and homeostasis. Numerous studies have found that exposure to hostile environment during the fetal development exerts a profound influence on the level and function of ECFCs, which may be the underlying factor linking endothelial dysfunction to cardiovascular disease of the offspring in later life. Herein, we focus on the latest findings regarding the effects of pregnancy-related disorders on the frequency and function of fetal ECFCs. Subsequently, we discuss about placental ECFCs and put forward some details that should be paid attention to in the process of ECFC isolation and culture. Overall, the information presented in this review highlight the potential of ECFCs as a future biomarker or even therapeutic targets for the pregnancy-related adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. • The number and function of fetal ECFCs are seriously affected under various pregnancy complications. • Dysfunctional ECFCs may be implicated in the process of fetal reprogramming. • Fetal ECFCs may be a link between a deleterious uterine environment and adult-onset chronic diseases in the offspring. • Fetal ECFCs are possible targets for prevention of the fetal origins of adult diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]