Needle orientation for temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis in Koreans.

Objective: To investigate the highest opportunity skin puncture point and needle orientation according to facial asymmetry and classification. Methods: Computed tomography of 136 patients was analyzed. Horizontal and vertical angles and distances from the canthal-tragal line were investigated to determine the puncture point and needle's angle. Result: All patients' average points were 7.39 (±2.85) mm anterior to the tragus and 3.44 (±4.18) mm below the canthal-tragal line with an angle of 8.53 (±6.90)° anteriorly and 32.26 (±7.23)° superiorly. Regarding asymmetry, there was a statistical difference in horizontal angle, depth, and canthal-tragal distance between the deviated and non-deviated sides. Especially, vertical distances were 4.44 (±4.66) mm and 2.59 (±4.11) mm in the deviated and non-deviated sides, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In closed-mouth, the puncture point was closer to the tragus and lower than the conventional point. The point in the deviated side should be considered lower than the non-deviated side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]