Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide mode of chemotherapy–related cardiomyopathy: Review of preclinical model.

Over the past 70 years, there has been extensive research focused on preventing chemotherapy-related cardiovascular complications. However, the current state of cardio-oncology research has raised more questions than answers. Experimental studies often present data that are difficult to compare and, at times, contradictory. One notable limitation in translating experimental findings to clinical practice is the reliance on models that administer only one chemotherapeutic drug to experimental animals, despite the common use of multidrug cancer treatments in real clinical settings. This article aims to discuss our own experience in modeling an experimental rat model of cardiomyopathy induced by the administration of two chemotherapeutic drugs, doxorubicin (adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide (AC mode of chemotherapy) – Avagimyan A., et al model, along with a subsequent review of morphological changes based on our personal archive. 1. AC - Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) + Cyclophosphamide 2. CaMKII - Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II 3. Circ-INSR - Circulating Insulin Receptor 4. CVDs - Cardiovascular Diseases 5. CP – Cardioprotector 6. GLUT - Glucose Transporter 7. HF – Heart Failure 8. ICAM - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 9. IL - Interleukin 10. IκBα - Inhibitor of kappa B alpha 11. MMP - Matrix Metalloproteinase 12. MyD88 - Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 13. NADP+ - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate 14. NADPH - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen 15. NF-κB - Nuclear Factor kappa B 16. NLRP3 - Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 17. NOS - Nitric Oxide Synthase 18. Nrf2 - Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 19. NT-proBNP - N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide 20. PLN - Phospholamban 21. RyR - Ryanodine receptor 22. SERCA2a - Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase 2a 23. Sirt3 - Sirtuin 3 24. SMAD3 - Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 3 25. TGF-β1 - Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 26. TLR4 - Toll-like receptor 4 27. TNF-α - Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 28. VCAM - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]